The Cooler is a 2003 American romantic drama film directed by Wayne Kramer.The original screenplay was written by Kramer and Frank Hannah.In old-school gambling parlance, a casino ‘cooler’ is an unlucky individual, usually a casino employee, whose mere presence at the gambling tables usually results in a streak of bad luck for the other players.
The CoolerDirected byWayne KramerProduced bySean Furst
Michael A. PierceWritten byFrank Hannah
Wayne KramerStarringWilliam H. Macy
Alec Baldwin
Maria Bello
Shawn Hatosy
Ron LivingstonMusic byMark IshamCinematographyJames WhitakerEdited byArthur Coburn
Production
company
Furst Films
Pierce-Williams Entertainment
Dog Pond Films
ContentFilm
Gryphon Films
VisionBox
Distributed byLionsgate
- November 26, 2003 (United States: limited)
101 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget$4 millionBox office$10 million
The Cooler is a 2003 American romantic drama film directed by Wayne Kramer. The original screenplay was written by Kramer and Frank Hannah. In old-school gambling parlance, a casino ‘cooler’ is an unlucky individual, usually a casino employee, whose mere presence at the gambling tables usually results in a streak of bad luck for the other players.
Plot[edit]
Unlucky Bernie Lootz (William H. Macy) works at the Shangri-La casino as a ‘cooler’ — a man with professionally bad luck designed to stop people from winning. A cocktail waitress, Natalie (Maria Bello), takes no notice of Bernie, who is smitten with her. The casino manager, Shelly (Alec Baldwin) prides himself on running a ‘classically’ Vegas casino and resents the new places that attract a lower clientele. The owners, however, hire an advisor named Larry (Ron Livingston) to help bring in more money with techniques contrary to Shelly’s outdated policies. Bernie informs Shelly that he’s leaving town in a week.
After an encounter during which Bernie rescues Natalie from an aggressive customer, she appears to take an interest in him. They begin dating, but Bernie is apprehensive due to his bad luck. He reveals that he used to be a gambling addict in huge debt to several casinos. Shelly ‘saved’ him by breaking his kneecap and paying off his debt in exchange for Bernie’s work as a cooler for 6 years, which ends at the end of the week. Bernie and Natalie run into his estranged son Mikey and his pregnant wife Charlotte who are scamming a diner by faking labor. Bernie tells Mikey to stop by sometime.
- The soundtrack to Martin Scorsese’s ’70s mob epic Casino is as over-sized as the movie. Assembled by Robbie Robertson, the album runs the gamut from schmaltzy pop to blues and rock & roll, featuring a great assortment of classic tracks and performers.
- Casino is an absolutely riveting entertainment with rock-solid performances by DeNiro, Pesci and Stone, to say nothing of the formidable supporting cast. Scorsese directs with his usual grit and offers up one of the most compelling movies from the 1990’s. Universal has seen fit to remaster the movie in true 4K and the results are absolutely.
- Cannery Casino Hotel. 2121 East Craig Road. North Las Vegas, NV 89030. 702–507–5700 Don’t let the game get out of hand. For Assistance call 1–800–522–4700.
Bernie is happy with his relationship and his ‘cooling’ abilities fade, much to Shelly’s chagrin. Mikey and Charlotte come by and Bernie gives them $3000, but Natalie is skeptical of Charlotte’s behavior. When Bernie reveals to Natalie he intends to leave Vegas, she says she won’t go with him, and Bernie is upset. Now unhappy, his luck turns again and he begins cooling effectively. When he intentionally fails to cool a hot table which is being cheated by Mikey, Shelly takes Mikey and Charlotte upstairs and begins beating them. Bernie promises to pay the $150,000 Mikey was up, but Shelly breaks Mikey’s knee and reveals Charlotte’s pregnancy was fake anyway. Though distraught, that night, Natalie and Bernie confess their love for one another and Bernie again becomes a good luck charm.
Shelly calls Natalie to his office and reminds her that he hired her to date Bernie so he wouldn’t leave Vegas, not to fall in love with him, which has made him both happy and lucky. He forces her to leave town abruptly, which hurts Bernie and ruins his luck. She does truly love Bernie, though, and returns, restoring Bernie’s luck. Shelly goes to Bernie’s motel room and begins packing for Natalie and hits her, cutting her face. After a tense exchange wherein she claims Bernie is the closest thing Shelly has to a friend and he doesn’t want him to leave, he simply leaves her there. When Bernie comes home, she reveals Shelly hired her to pretend to like him, but she actually fell for him.
Banking on his good luck brought on by Natalie’s devotion, Bernie confronts Shelly and calls him a coward with nothing in his life but the casino. Shelly lets him go on the condition he pay back the $150,000, which Bernie tries to win at craps. Bernie leaves and he and Natalie drive away from Vegas. He pulls over and reveals that he won a lot of money, but a cop approaches and readies to kill them. Shelly gets in his car and finds his partner waiting for him. On Larry’s behalf, he whacks Shelly, presumably for letting Bernie go with his winnings. A drunk driver hits and kills the cop, presumably sent to whack Bernie, and Natalie and Bernie drive off.
Cast[edit]
- William H. Macy as Bernard ‘Bernie’ Lootz
- Alec Baldwin as Sheldon ‘Shelly’ Kaplow
- Maria Bello as Natalie Belisario
- Shawn Hatosy as Michael ‘Mikey’ Lootz
- Ron Livingston as Larry Sokolov
- Paul Sorvino as Buddy Stafford
- Estella Warren as Charlotte
- Arthur J. Nascarella as Nicky ‘Fingers’ Bonnatto
- Joey Fatone as Johnny Cappella
- Ellen Greene as Doris
- MC Gainey as Highway Patrol Officer
- Michelle Lopez as the Red Headed Craps Player ‘cooled’ by Bernie
- Timothy Landfield as The Player
Production[edit]
The film premiere was at the Sundance Film Festival. The Cooler was shown at the Cannes Film Festival, the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival, and the Deauville Film Festival, among others, before going into limited release in the United States. During that limited release, The Cooler was primarily shown in Reno, Nevada. The Cooler was mainly filmed in Reno at the Golden Phoenix Reno in Reno. The Golden Phoenix Hotel Casino is now a completed condominium project called The Montage.
In an episode of the Sundance Channel series Anatomy of a Scene, director Wayne Kramer and members of his cast and crew discussed various aspects of The Cooler. In order to show Bernie’s evolution from loser to winner, costume designer Kristin M. Burke dressed him in suits and clothes that progressively became better fits. Early in the film, the character resembles a boy dressed in his father’s oversized clothing. By the end, Bernie is not only wearing the right size suit, but he has accessorized it with a brightly colored shirt and tie that represent his sunnier disposition. Lighting schemes designed by cinematographer Jim Whitaker also contributed to documenting Bernie’s progression. In early scenes, his face is kept in the shadows, but later he is filmed in a spotlight and backlit to make him stand out from everything behind him.
The Golden Phoenix Reno, which was already scheduled for a total condominium refurbishment, was used as the interior of the Shangri-La. The Golden Phoenix was finally closed for building rehab in 2006, and since2006 there has been a complete conversion to condominiums, which are named The Montage. Golden Phoenix Reno casino employees and Reno locals were used extensively in the filming of The Cooler. The hotel buildings demolished during the closing credits are the Aladdin, the Sands, the Landmark, and the Dunes hotels.
The song ‘Almost Like Being in Love’, used to mark Bernie’s transition from mournful sad sack to winner, was written by Frederick Loewe and Alan Jay Lerner for the stage musicalBrigadoon.
According to the 2006 documentary filmThis Film Is Not Yet Rated, the MPAA originally rated the film NC-17 because of a glimpse of Maria Bello’s pubic hair during a sex scene. An edited version rated R was released in theaters. A director’s cut has been broadcast by the Independent Film Channel and Cinemax.
The Cooler, budgeted at under $4 million, grossed $8,291,572 in the United States and $2,173,216 in foreign markets for a total worldwide box office of $10,464,788.[1]The Cooler earned about $40 million more with DVD and online sales.
Critical reception[edit]
The film received generally positive reviews from critics with considerable praise for Alec Baldwin’s performance. Writing for The New York Times, A. O. Scott said, ‘The setting .. is a little tired, and the premise is pretty hokey. Mr. Kramer, rather than trying to discover anything new, is content to recycle familiar characters and story lines. The script .. and the direction are skillful, if occasionally gimmicky .. Luckily this picture is rescued from cliché by the quality of the acting, and Mr. Kramer wisely gives the actors room to work.’[2]
On Rotten Tomatoes the film a has a 77% ‘Certified Fresh’ approval rating based on 174 reviews, with an average rating of 6.75/10. The site’s consensus reads: ‘A small movie elevated by superb performances.’[3] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 69 out of 100 based on 36 reviews, indicating ‘generally positive reviews’.[4]
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times said the film ‘has a strange way of being broad and twisted at the same time, so that while we surf the surface of the story, unexpected developments are stirring beneath .. This is a movie without gimmicks, hooks or flashy slickness .. The acting is on the money, the writing has substance, the direction knows when to evoke film noir and when .. to get fancy.’[5]
In Rolling Stone, Peter Travers rated the film 3½ out of a possible four stars and added, ‘Wayne Kramer, who co-wrote the scrappy script with Frank Hannah, makes a potent directing debut and strikes gold with the cast.. Top of the line is Baldwin, whose revelatory portrayal of an old Vegas hard-liner in thrall to the town’s faded allure is the stuff Oscars are made of. From James Whitaker’s seductive camerawork to Mark Isham’s lush score, The Cooler places all the smart bets and hits the jackpot.’[6]
Mark Holcomb of The Village Voice said, ‘Taking a page from the Sin City cinema revisionist’s handbook, The Cooler mimics the Vegas insider’s perspective of Casino (without Scorsese’s fetishistic attention to detail), the seedy/saccharine insouciance of FX’s Lucky (devoid of quirky chutzpah), and the couch-potato glitz of NBC’s Las Vegas .. What’s left never gels as fantasy, drama, or romantic comedy.. [the] film never amounts to more than a cute idea stretched to poker-chip thinness.’[7]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Wins
- National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor (Alec Baldwin, winner)
- Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress — Motion Picture (Maria Bello, winner)
- Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor (Baldwin, winner)
- Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor (Baldwin, winner)
Nominations
- Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor — Motion Picture (Baldwin, nominee)
- Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (Baldwin, nominee)
- Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress — Motion Picture (Bello, nominee)
- Satellite Award for Best Actor — Motion Picture Drama (William H. Macy, nominee)
- Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor — Motion Picture (Baldwin, nominee)
- Satellite Award for Best Original Screenplay (Frank Hannah and Wayne Kramer, nominees)
- Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role — Motion Picture (Baldwin, nominee)
- Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role — Motion Picture (Bello, nominee)
References[edit]
- ^The Cooler at TheNumbers.com
- ^Scott, A. O. (26 November 2003). ‘FILM REVIEW; To a Guy Who Banks on Bad Luck, Good Luck Can Be Bad’. The New York Times.
- ^The Cooler at Rotten Tomatoes
- ^’The Cooler’. Metacritic. Retrieved 2020–07–20.
- ^Ebert, Roger. ‘The Cooler movie review & film summary (2003)’. Chicago Sun-Times.
- ^’Rolling Stone review’. Archived from the original on 2009–08–31. Retrieved 2017–10–27.
- ^’Village Voice review’. Archived from the original on 2008–04–03. Retrieved 2008–03–02.
External links[edit]
- The Cooler on IMDb
- The Cooler at AllMovie
- The Cooler at Box Office Mojo
Retrieved from ‘https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Cooler&oldid=997465236'
21Directed byRobert LuketicProduced byWritten byBased onBringing Down the House
by Ben MezrichStarring
- Kevin Spacey
Music byDavid SardyCinematographyRussell CarpenterEdited byElliot Graham
- Michael De Luca Productions
Distributed byColumbia Pictures
- March 28, 2008
123 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishBudget$35 millionBox office$159.8 million
21 is a 2008 American heistdrama film directed by Robert Luketic and starring Jim Sturgess, Kevin Spacey, Laurence Fishburne, Kate Bosworth, Liza Lapira, Jacob Pitts, Aaron Yoo, and Kieu Chinh. The film is inspired by the true story of the MIT Blackjack Team as told in Bringing Down the House, the best-selling book by Ben Mezrich. Despite its largely mixed reviews and controversy over the film’s casting choices, 21 was a box office success, and was the number one film in the United States and Canada during its first and second weekends of release.
Plot[edit]
Ben, a mathematics major at MIT, is accepted into Harvard Medical School but cannot afford the $300,000 tuition. He applies for the prestigious Robinson Scholarship which would cover the entire cost. However, despite having an MCAT score of 44 and high grades, he faces fierce competition, and is told by the director that the scholarship will only go to whichever student dazzles him. Back at MIT, a professor, Micky Rosa challenges Ben with the Monty Hall Problem which he solves successfully. After looking at Ben’s 97% score on his latest non-linear equations test, Micky invites Ben to join his blackjack team, which consists of fellow students Choi, Fisher, Jill, and Kianna. Using card counting and covert signalling, they are able to increase their probability of winning while at casinos, leading them to earn substantial profits. Over many weekends, the team is flown to Las Vegas and Ben comes to enjoy his luxurious lifestyle as a so-called big player. The team is impressed by Ben’s skill, but Fisher becomes jealous and fights him while drunk, leading Micky to expel him. Meanwhile, the head of security, Cole Williams, has been monitoring the team and begins to turn his attention to Ben.
Ben’s devotion to blackjack causes him to neglect his role in an engineering competition, which estranges him from his friends. During the next trip to Las Vegas, he is emotionally distracted and fails to walk away from the table when signaled, causing him to lose his earnings of $200,000. Micky is angered and quits the team, demanding that Ben must repay $200,000. Ben and three of the students decide that they will continue to play blackjack without Micky, but they are caught by Williams, whom Micky tipped off. Williams beats up Ben and warns him not to return.
Ben learns that he is ineligible for graduation because his course taught by an associate of Micky’s is marked as incomplete (with Micky’s influence, the professor initially gives Ben a passing grade throughout the year without him having to work or even show up to class). Furthermore, his winnings are stolen from his dormitory room. Suspecting Micky, Ben confers with the other blackjack students, and they persuade Micky to make a final trip to Las Vegas before the casinos install biometric software. The team puts on disguises and returns to Planet Hollywood, winning $640,000 before they are spotted by Williams. Micky flees with the bag of chips, jumping into a limousine, but realizes it was a setup when he discovers that the chips are fake. It is revealed that Ben and Williams made a deal to lure Micky to Las Vegas so that Williams may capture and beat him, because Williams has past grievances against him. Williams proceeds to hold Micky hostage and subject him to beatings. In exchange, Williams allows Ben to play for one more night in Las Vegas, enjoying immunity from capture. However, as Ben is leaving with his earnings, Williams betrays him and takes the bag of chips at gunpoint. Ben protests, and Williams explains that he needs retirement funds, whereas intelligent people like Ben will always find a way to succeed. However, Ben’s long-time friends (with whom he has reconciled) Miles and Cam also turn out to be quite good at card-counting while working with Choi and Kianna during Micky’s capture and as such, the now 6-man team make a lot of money despite Williams’s robbery of Ben and Micky’s chips. The film ends with Ben recounting the entire tale to the dazzled and dumbfounded scholarship director.
Cast[edit]
- Jim Sturgess as Ben Campbell
- Kate Bosworth as Jill
- Kevin Spacey as Micky Rosa
- Aaron Yoo as Choi
- Liza Lapira as Kianna
- Jacob Pitts as Fisher
- Laurence Fishburne as Cole Williams
- Jack McGee as Terry
- Josh Gad as Miles
- Sam Golzari as Cam
- Helen Carey as Ellen Campbell
- Jack Gilpin as Bob Phillips
Production[edit]
The filming of 21 began in March 2007. Principal filming of the Las Vegas scenes took place at the Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino, the Red Rock Casino, and the Hard Rock Casino in Las Vegas. Filming also took place at Harvard Medical School, Chinatown, in Cambridge, and the Christian Science Center in Boston, Massachusetts. As Massachusetts Institute of Technology did not allow filming on campus, the MIT school and dorm interiors, the gymnasium, and the alumni reception were all shot at Boston University.
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 36% of 169 critics gave the film a positive review, for an average rating of 5.17/10. The site’s critical consensus reads: ’21 could have been a fascinating study had it not supplanted the true story on which it is based with mundane melodrama.’[1]Metacritic gave the film an average score of 48 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating ‘mixed or average reviews’.[2] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of ‘B+’ on an A+ to F scale.[3]
Box office[edit]
In its opening weekend, the film grossed $24,105,943 in 2,648 theaters in the United States and Canada, averaging $9,103 per venue and ranking first at the box office.[4] The film was also the number one film in its second weekend of release, losing 36% of its audience, grossing $15,337,418, expanding to 2,653 theaters, and averaging $5,781 per venue. The film dropped to third place in its third weekend, losing 32% of its audience, grossing $10,470,173, expanding to 2,736 theaters, and averaging $3,827 per venue. By the fourth weekend it fell to sixth place, losing 47% of its audience, grossing $5,520,362 expanding to 2,903 theaters, and averaging $1,902 per venue.
By the end of its theatrical run, the film grossed a total of $157,802,470 worldwide — $81,159,365 in the United States and Canada and $76,643,105 in other territories, against a budget estimated at $35 million.[5]
Casting controversy[edit]
Movie Casino Scenes On Youtube
A race-based controversy arose over the decision to make the majority of the characters white Americans, even though the main players in the book Bringing Down the House, upon which the film 21 is based, were mainly Asian-Americans.[6] The lead role was given to London-born Jim Sturgess, who required a dialect coach to speak with an American accent.[7]
Jeff Ma, who was the real-life inspiration for the character Ben Campbell and served as a consultant on the film, was attacked as being a ‘race traitor’ on several blogs for not insisting that his character be Asian-American. In response, Ma said, ‘I’m not sure they understand how little control I had in the movie-making process; I didn’t get to cast it.’[8] Ma said that the controversy was ‘overblown’ and that the important aspect is that a talented actor would portray him.[9] Ma, who is Chinese American, told USA Today, ‘I would have been a lot more insulted if they had chosen someone who was Japanese or Korean, just to have an Asian playing me.’[10]
Nick Rogers of The Enterprise wrote, ‘The real-life students mostly were Asian-Americans, but 21whitewashes its cast and disappointingly lumps its only Asian-American actors (Aaron Yoo and Liza Lapira) into one-note designations as the team’s kleptomaniac and a slot-playing ‘loser.’[11]
The Media Action Network for Asian Americans (MANAA) reported on their web site: ‘After the ‘white-washing’ issue was raised on Entertainment Weekly’s web site, [21] producer Dana Brunetti wrote: ‘Believe me, I would have LOVED to cast Asians in the lead roles, but the truth is, we didn’t have access to any bankable Asian-American actors that we wanted.’[12]
Home media[edit]
21 was released on DVD and Blu-ray in Region 1 on July 21, 2008.[13]
Casino Film Behind The Scenes
Reaction from casinos[edit]
In pre-production, the producers and the book’s original writers predicted that the Vegas casinos would be unhelpful, as a film that told viewers the basics of card counting might hurt their bottom line. A featurette included with the DVD completely and accurately describes the ‘Hi-Lo’ system used by the MIT Blackjack Club and by Rosa’s team in the film.
In fact, the writers were surprised when told by the producers that MGM Studios would finance the film, though all ‘MGM’ casinos (including one used by the real MIT Blackjack Team) are owned by MGM Resorts International and are no longer related to MGM Studios. In reality, as another DVD featurette reveals, the casinos (including MGM Resorts) saw the film as an attention-getter; people who saw it would be encouraged to go to Vegas and play: some just for fun and some attempting to count cards but failing to learn or memorize the entire strategy or making too many mistakes. The film withheld critical strategy details (such as the conversion from the ‘running count’ to a ‘true count’), and most beginning card counters underestimate the number and value of the mistakes they make.
Soundtrack[edit]
21Soundtrack album by Released
- March 18, 2008
GenreSoundtrackLabelColumbiaSingles from 21 — Music from the Motion Picture
- ‘You Can’t Always Get What You Want’ (Soulwax Remix)’
Released: February 19, 2008 - ‘Big Ideas’
Released: August 11, 2008
Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[14]
The soundtrack was released at the same time as the film.[14]
- The Rolling Stones — ‘You Can’t Always Get What You Want’ (Remixed by Soulwax) (6:07)
- MGMT — ‘Time to Pretend’ (Super Clean Version) (4:20)
- LCD Soundsystem — ‘Big Ideas’ (5:41)
- D. Sardy featuring Liela Moss — ‘Giant’ (3:42)
- Amon Tobin — ‘Always’ (3:38)
- Peter Bjorn and John — ‘Young Folks’ (4:37)
- Shook One — ‘Soul Position’ (4:16)
- Get Shakes — ‘Sister Self Doubt’ (4:22)
- The Aliens — ‘I Am The Unknown’ (5:27)
- Rihanna — ‘Shut Up and Drive’ (3:34)
- Knivez Out — ‘Alright’ (3:31)
- Domino — ‘Tropical Moonlight’ (3:28)
- Unkle — ‘Hold My Hand’ (4:58)
- Mark Ronson featuring Kasabian — ‘L.S.F. (Lost Souls Forever)’ (3:32)
- Broadcast — ‘Tender Buttons’ (2:51)
Other tracks
- Although it is not included in the soundtrack, Moby’s ‘Slippin’ Away’ (Axwell Vocal Remix) plays in the scene when Ben is passing through airport security.
- The song ‘Everybody Get Dangerous’ by Weezer was also featured in the film, but not included on the soundtrack since it was not yet released. It would later be released on Weezer’s 2008 record, The Red Album. It is played on a distant radio when the team is in a poker club.
- The songs ‘I Want You to Want Me’ by Cheap Trick and ‘Music is Happiness’ by The Octopus Project were also featured in the film but not on the soundtrack album.
- The song ‘Magnificent’ by Estelle (feat. Kardinal Offishall) was also featured in the film but not on the soundtrack album. It’s played approximately 58 minutes in, after the Weezer song, in the scene where Ben buys Jill a beer. It’s subtle, and has a reggae beat.
- In the promotional trailers, ‘Break on Through (To the Other Side)’ by The Doors was used.
- During the restaurant scene where the team explains to Ben how they work, ‘Home’ by Great Northern can be heard playing in the background.
- The song ‘Again with the Subtitles’ by Texas artist Yppah is another uncredited song in the film.
- The track played as the team makes off at the end of the film is ‘Rito a Los Angeles’ by Giuseppe De Luca, which features part of the main riff of ‘In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida’. This track is also used in Ocean’s Twelve, the first sequel to the caper film Ocean’s Eleven, about actually robbing casinos in Vegas.
- My Mathematical Mind by Spoon was featured in the trailers.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^’21 Movie Reviews, Pictures — Rotten Tomatoes’. Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on 22 November 2009. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
- ^’21 (2008): Reviews’. Metacritic. Archived from the original on 2 April 2008. Retrieved 2008–04–02.
- ^’Find CinemaScore’(Type ‘21**’ in the search box). CinemaScore. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
- ^’21 (2008) — Weekend Box Office Results’. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2008–04–06.
- ^’21 (2008)’. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2008–04–28.
- ^’Real MIT Blackjack Team — 21 Movie True Story’. chasingthefrog.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
- ^Janusonis, Michael. ‘Movies: 21 star Jim Sturgess got a crash course in card counting’. projo.com. Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
- ^Justin Berton (2008–03–27). ‘Hollywood deals Jeff Ma a good hand with ‘21’’. San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 29 March 2008. Retrieved 2008–03–29.
- ^Berry, Jillian A. (March 14, 2008). ‘INTERVIEW MIT, Vegas, Hollywood’. The Tech. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
- ^Bowles, Scott (2008–03–26). ‘New film ‘21’ counts on the real deal for inspiration’. USA Today. Retrieved 2010–04–23.
- ^Nick Rogers (2008–03–26). ‘When the stakes are high, ‘21’ folds’. The Enterprise. Archived from the original on 2008–04–01. Retrieved 2008–03–29.
- ^’CONTROVERSY STILL SURROUNDS DVD RELEASE OF MOVIE ‘21’’. manaa.org. Archived from the original on 2013–10–04. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
- ^’21 (Single-Disc Edition) (2008)’. Amazon.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
- ^ abBrown, Marisa. ’21 [Original Soundtrack]’. AllMusic. Retrieved 2008–04–02.
Casino Movie Scenes
External links[edit]
- 21 on IMDb
- 21 at Rotten Tomatoes
- 21 at Metacritic
- 21 at Box Office Mojo
- 21 at AllMovie
- Photos of the filming of 21 near the campus of MIT: 123456
- Official world wide release dates with links to different national sites
Retrieved from ‘https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=21_(2008_film)&oldid=999682388'
